For nonseminoma, all of the following must be true:
For seminoma, all of the following must be true:
Intermediate Prognosis
For nonseminoma, all of the following must be true:
- The tumor is found in one testicle only or in the retroperitoneum (area outside or behind the abdominal wall); and
- The tumor has not spread to organs other than the lungs; and
- The level of any one of the tumor markers is more than slightly above normal.
For seminoma, all of the following must be true:
- The tumor has spread to organs other than the lungs; and
- The level of AFP is normal. β-hCG and LDH may be at any level.
Poor Prognosis
For nonseminoma, at least one of the following must be true:
- The tumor is in the center of the chest between the lungs; or
- The tumor has spread to organs other than the lungs; or
- The level of any one of the tumor markers is high.
There is no poor prognosis grouping for seminoma testicular tumors.
For nonseminoma, all of the following must be true:
For seminoma, all of the following must be true:
Intermediate Prognosis
For nonseminoma, all of the following must be true:
- The tumor is found in one testicle only or in the retroperitoneum (area outside or behind the abdominal wall); and
- The tumor has not spread to organs other than the lungs; and
- The level of any one of the tumor markers is more than slightly above normal.
For seminoma, all of the following must be true:
- The tumor has spread to organs other than the lungs; and
- The level of AFP is normal. β-hCG and LDH may be at any level.
Poor Prognosis
For nonseminoma, at least one of the following must be true:
- The tumor is in the center of the chest between the lungs; or
- The tumor has spread to organs other than the lungs; or
- The level of any one of the tumor markers is high.
There is no poor prognosis grouping for seminoma testicular tumors.
Treatment Options by Stage
A link to a list of current clinical trials is included for each treatment section. For some types or stages of cancer, there may not be any trials listed. Check with your doctor for clinical trials that are not listed here but may be right for you.
Stage I Testicular Cancer
Treatment of stage I testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma.
Treatment of seminoma may include the following:
Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following:
- Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes in the abdomen, with lifelong follow-up.
- Surgery to remove the testicle, with lifelong follow-up.
- Surgery followed by chemotherapy for patients at high risk of recurrence, with lifelong follow-up.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI’s PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage I malignant testicular germ cell tumor. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Stage II Testicular Cancer
Treatment of stage II testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma.
Treatment of seminoma may include the following:
Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following:
- Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, with lifelong follow-up.
- Surgery to remove the testicle and lymph nodes, followed by combination chemotherapy and lifelong follow-up.
- Surgery to remove the testicle followed by combination chemotherapy and a second surgery if cancer remains, with lifelong follow-up.
- Combination chemotherapy before surgery to remove the testicle, for cancer that has spread and is thought to be life-threatening.
- A clinical trial of combination chemotherapy instead of removing the lymph nodes.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI’s PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage II malignant testicular germ cell tumor. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Stage III Testicular Cancer
Treatment of stage III testicular cancer depends on whether the cancer is a seminoma or a nonseminoma.
Treatment of seminoma may include the following:
Treatment of nonseminoma may include the following:
- Surgery to remove the testicle, followed by combination chemotherapy.
- Combination chemotherapy followed by surgery to remove any remaining tumor. Additional chemotherapy may be given if the tumor tissue removed contains cancer cells that are growing.
- Combination chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy to the brain for cancer that has spread to the brain.
- Combination chemotherapy before surgery to remove the testicle, for cancer that has spread and is thought to be life-threatening.
- A clinical trial of a new therapy.
- A clinical trial of high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplant.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI’s PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage III malignant testicular germ cell tumor. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Treatment Options for Recurrent Testicular Cancer
Treatment of recurrent testicular cancer may include the following:
